SVG Lab · Visual Playground

01 — Creating SVG

Basic Shapes

SVG gives you a small kit of primitive shapes. Each has its own tag with coordinates and dimensions as attributes. The viewBox sets the internal coordinate system — unrelated to the rendered pixel size.

<rect> <circle> <ellipse> <line> SHAPES

<svg width="320" height="220" viewBox="0 0 320 220">

  <!-- RECT: x/y = top-left, rx = corner radius -->
  <rect x="20" y="20" width="80" height="80"
        fill="#22d3ee" rx="10"/>

  <!-- CIRCLE: cx/cy = center, r = radius -->
  <circle cx="180" cy="60" r="40" fill="#d946ef"/>

  <!-- ELLIPSE: rx/ry = horizontal / vertical radius -->
  <ellipse cx="260" cy="60" rx="30" ry="50" fill="#fcd34d"/>

  <!-- LINE: x1/y1 to x2/y2, stroke styles the line -->
  <line x1="20" y1="160" x2="300" y2="160"
        stroke="#ec4899" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round"/>

  <!-- stroke-dasharray creates a dashed line -->
  <line x1="20" y1="190" x2="300" y2="190"
        stroke="#10b981" stroke-width="4"
        stroke-dasharray="8 6"/>
</svg>

/* KEY CONCEPTS

viewBox="0 0 320 220"
  Defines the internal coordinate system.
  This SVG has a 320 × 220 "canvas" — any numbers you
  use for x, y, cx, cy, etc. are measured in those units.
  The actual rendered size comes from width/height
  attributes or CSS — the viewBox just scales to fit.

fill vs stroke
  fill   = the color INSIDE a shape
  stroke = the color of the OUTLINE / the line itself

Common attributes:
  fill, stroke, stroke-width, stroke-linecap,
  stroke-linejoin, stroke-dasharray, opacity

Attributes can also be set from CSS:
  svg rect { fill: hotpink; }  */

02 — Creating SVG

Paths & Commands

The <path> element can draw any shape at all. It takes a single d attribute made of commands. The important ones: M move, L line, C cubic curve, Q quadratic curve, Z close. Uppercase = absolute coords, lowercase = relative.

<path d="M L C Q Z"> PATH

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 220">

  <!-- TRIANGLE: Move to (30,180), Line to two more points,
       Z closes back to the start -->
  <path d="M 30 180  L 80 30  L 130 180  Z"
        fill="#22d3ee"/>

  <!-- HEART via Cubic Bezier (C) curves -->
  <path d="M 200 60
           C 200 40, 230 40, 230 65
           C 230 40, 260 40, 260 60
           C 260 90, 230 110, 230 130
           C 230 110, 200 90, 200 60
           Z"
        fill="#ec4899"/>

  <!-- WAVE via Quadratic (Q) + shortcut T -->
  <path d="M 30 200  Q 80 160, 130 200  T 230 200  T 290 200"
        fill="none" stroke="#fcd34d" stroke-width="4"/>
</svg>

/* PATH COMMAND CHEAT SHEET

M x y        Move pen to (x, y) — no line drawn.
L x y        Line to (x, y).
H x          Horizontal line to x.
V y          Vertical line to y.
Z            Close path back to the last M.

Curves:
Q cx cy  x y      Quadratic Bezier (one control point).
T x y             Smooth quadratic continuation.
C c1x c1y c2x c2y  x y    Cubic Bezier (two control points).
S c2x c2y  x y    Smooth cubic continuation.

Arcs:
A rx ry rotation large-arc sweep x y
  (used for arcs of ellipses; complex — try a tool)

Uppercase = ABSOLUTE coordinates.
Lowercase = RELATIVE to current pen position (m, l, c, etc.)

TIPS:
• Whitespace and commas between numbers are optional.
• You almost never write paths by hand — export from Figma,
  Illustrator, or your favorite icon library and tweak the
  result, OR use an online path editor. */

03 — Creating SVG

Polygon & Polyline

Easier siblings of <path>. Polygon connects a list of points and closes the shape automatically. Polyline does the same but leaves it open — great for charts and arrows.

<polygon> + <polyline> SHAPES

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 200">

  <!-- STAR: 10 points around the outline — polygon
       connects them all AND closes the shape -->
  <polygon
    points="80,20  96,68  148,68  106,100  122,148
            80,120  38,148  54,100  12,68  64,68"
    fill="#fcd34d" stroke="#b45309" stroke-width="2"/>

  <!-- ARROW: same idea, different points -->
  <polygon points="180,100 240,60 240,90 290,90
                   290,110 240,110 240,140"
           fill="#22d3ee"/>

  <!-- POLYLINE: open line — good for line charts -->
  <polyline
    points="20,190  60,150  100,170  140,120  180,140  220,90"
    fill="none" stroke="#ec4899" stroke-width="3"/>
</svg>

/* polygon vs polyline

  polygon — closes the shape back to the first point
            (so you can give it a fill)
  polyline — leaves it open (often fill="none")

Each `points` attribute is just a list of "x,y" pairs.
Commas and spaces are interchangeable:
  "10,20 30,40"   is the same as
  "10 20, 30 40"

For charts and data viz, polyline is often easier than
writing a full path. */

04 — Creating SVG

SVG Text

Text inside SVG can be filled, stroked, rotated, and even placed along a path. Useful for logos and playful headings where regular HTML text can't bend.

<text> + <textPath> on a curve TEXT

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 220">

  <!-- Outlined text: fill="none" + stroke -->
  <text x="160" y="50" text-anchor="middle"
        font-family="DM Serif Display, serif" font-size="38"
        fill="none" stroke="#22d3ee" stroke-width="1.5">
    OUTLINED
  </text>

  <!-- Gradient-filled text -->
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="txtGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0">
      <stop offset="0%"   stop-color="#22d3ee"/>
      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#d946ef"/>
    </linearGradient>
    <path id="curvy" d="M 30 170 Q 160 120 290 170" fill="none"/>
  </defs>

  <text x="160" y="100" text-anchor="middle" font-size="34"
        fill="url(#txtGrad)">GRADIENT</text>

  <!-- TEXT on a PATH -->
  <text font-size="22" fill="#fff">
    <textPath href="#curvy" startOffset="50%" text-anchor="middle">
      along a curve!
    </textPath>
  </text>
</svg>

/* KEY IDEAS

<defs>
  Holds reusable things (gradients, patterns, paths).
  Nothing inside <defs> renders directly — you reference
  it with url(#id) or href="#id".

text-anchor
  Where the text aligns to its x coordinate:
  start (default) | middle | end

textPath href="#..."
  Lays out the text along the given path.
  startOffset="50%" centers it on the path.

SVG text cannot wrap automatically like HTML — for
multi-line, use multiple <text> or <tspan> elements. */

05 — Styling

Linear Gradient

Gradients in SVG live inside <defs> and get referenced by id. A gradient can be shared across any number of shapes — change the definition once, every shape using it updates.

<linearGradient> + url(#id) STYLE

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 200">
  <defs>
    <!-- Top to bottom: x1,y1 → x2,y2 define the direction.
         (0,0) is top-left of each shape, (1,1) is bottom-right. -->
    <linearGradient id="sunset" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
      <stop offset="0%"   stop-color="#fcd34d"/>
      <stop offset="50%"  stop-color="#f43f5e"/>
      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7e22ce"/>
    </linearGradient>
  </defs>

  <!-- Reuse the same gradient on any shape -->
  <rect   x="20" y="20" width="130" height="160"
          rx="14" fill="url(#sunset)"/>
  <circle cx="235" cy="100" r="70" fill="url(#sunset)"/>
</svg>

/* DIRECTION of linearGradient

Uses its own 0–1 coordinate space:
  x1=0 x2=1  →  left to right
  x1=0 x2=0  y1=0 y2=1  →  top to bottom (this demo)
  x1=0 x2=1  y1=0 y2=1  →  top-left to bottom-right

Each <stop> is a color anchor along the line.
  offset="0%"  = start
  offset="50%" = middle
  offset="100%" = end

Use stop-opacity to fade to transparency:
  <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#000" stop-opacity="0"/> */

06 — Styling

Radial Gradient

Great for spotlights, soft shadows, and planet/orb effects. The gradient radiates outward from a center point.

<radialGradient> STYLE

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 220">
  <defs>
    <!-- cx/cy = where the "light source" is inside the shape
         (35% from left, 35% from top = upper-left highlight). -->
    <radialGradient id="orb" cx="35%" cy="35%" r="65%">
      <stop offset="0%"   stop-color="#fff"/>
      <stop offset="30%"  stop-color="#22d3ee"/>
      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#0e7490"/>
    </radialGradient>

    <!-- Flame fades to transparent at the edges -->
    <radialGradient id="flame" cx="50%" cy="70%" r="55%">
      <stop offset="0%"   stop-color="#fef3c7"/>
      <stop offset="40%"  stop-color="#f97316"/>
      <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#7c2d12" stop-opacity="0"/>
    </radialGradient>
  </defs>

  <circle cx="100" cy="110" r="70" fill="url(#orb)"/>
  <circle cx="230" cy="110" r="70" fill="url(#flame)"/>
</svg>

/* RADIAL GRADIENT DIRECTIONS

  cx, cy  — the center of the gradient (where "0%" is)
  r       — how far out the gradient extends

Moving cx/cy off-center creates highlights — perfect for
making flat circles look like 3D orbs.

Setting the final stop to stop-opacity="0" makes the
gradient fade to transparent. Great for glows, flames,
and soft drop shadows. */

07 — Styling

CSS Styling & Hover

SVG responds to CSS just like HTML. Fills, strokes, opacity, and transforms can all be transitioned on :hover — ideal for interactive diagrams and playful logos.

CSS transitions on fill + transform STYLE

hover the blob →

<svg viewBox="0 0 220 220">
  <path class="blob"
        d="M 110,10 C 160,10 200,50 210,100
           C 220,160 180,210 120,210
           C 60,210 10,170 10,110
           C 10,60 60,10 110,10 Z"/>
</svg>

/* SVG styling from CSS works just like HTML.
   The SVG attributes (fill, stroke, etc.) map to CSS
   properties with the same name. */

.blob {
  fill: #ec4899;
  transition:
    fill .5s ease,
    transform .5s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1);
  transform-origin: center;        /* rotate from the middle */
  cursor: pointer;
}
.blob:hover {
  fill: #22d3ee;
  transform: scale(1.1) rotate(8deg);
}

/* NOTE: transform-origin on SVG children uses the SVG
   viewBox coordinates — "center" works as expected in
   modern browsers. */

08 — Drawn Animation

Basic Draw Animation

The core trick behind every SVG draw-in effect. Set stroke-dasharray to the length of the stroke. Set stroke-dashoffset to that same length — the dash now covers the stroke, hiding it. Animate the offset down to 0 and the stroke appears to draw itself.

stroke-dasharray + dashoffset animation DRAW

<svg viewBox="0 0 280 180">
  <path class="draw"
        d="M 30 100 Q 90 30 150 100 T 250 100"
        fill="none" stroke="#22d3ee" stroke-width="4"
        stroke-linecap="round"/>
</svg>

.draw {
  /* STEP 1: Set the dash pattern so that a single
     "dash" covers the entire stroke. Any value larger
     than the actual path length works — 600 is plenty
     for a path of any reasonable size. */
  stroke-dasharray: 600;
}

/* STEP 2: Animate dashoffset from full-length → 0
   when you want the draw to play. */
.playing .draw {
  animation: drawIn 2.4s ease forwards;
}
@keyframes drawIn {
  from { stroke-dashoffset: 600; }   /* hidden */
  to   { stroke-dashoffset: 0;   }   /* fully drawn */
}

/* KNOWING THE EXACT PATH LENGTH
   Instead of guessing "600", you can get the exact
   length in the browser console:

     const p = document.querySelector('path');
     console.log( p.getTotalLength() );   // e.g. 374.5

   Then set stroke-dasharray to that number. */

09 — Drawn Animation

Signature Draw

A multi-path signature that draws stroke-by-stroke. Each path has a staggered animation-delay, so they appear to be written one at a time.

multiple paths + staggered animation-delay DRAW

<svg class="sig-draw" viewBox="0 0 320 160">
  <path d="M 30 30 L 30 110 Q 30 130 50 130 Q 70 130 70 110"/>
  <path d="M 90 95 Q 90 60 120 60 Q 150 60 150 90 L 150 130
           M 150 105 Q 130 135 100 130"/>
  <path d="M 175 70 L 215 70 L 180 125 L 220 125"/>
  <path d="M 235 70 L 280 70 L 240 125 L 285 125"/>
</svg>

/* Every path gets the same base dash setup + animation,
   but each subsequent path starts LATER using
   animation-delay. */

.sig-draw path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #22d3ee;
  stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 500;
}
.playing .sig-draw path {
  animation: drawIn 1.4s ease forwards;
}
/* Stagger each letter — tweak these numbers to change pace */
.playing .sig-draw path:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .6s;  }
.playing .sig-draw path:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 1.2s; }
.playing .sig-draw path:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 1.8s; }

@keyframes drawIn {
  from { stroke-dashoffset: 500; }
  to   { stroke-dashoffset: 0;   }
}

10 — Drawn Animation

Icon Trio — Check, Heart, Star

Three icons that draw themselves in sequence — first the outer ring, then the inner shape. Everything on the page that's a single SVG path can get this treatment. Great for a "success" moment or a delightful loading state.

ring draw + inner shape draw with stagger DRAW

<div class="icon-trio">
  <svg class="icon-check" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
    <circle   class="icon-ring"  cx="50" cy="50" r="40"/>
    <polyline class="icon-shape" points="30,52 45,68 72,38"/>
  </svg>

  <svg class="icon-heart" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
    <circle class="icon-ring" cx="50" cy="50" r="40"/>
    <path   class="icon-shape" d="M 50 72 C 30 58 22 48 22 38 ..."/>
  </svg>

  <svg class="icon-star" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
    <circle class="icon-ring" cx="50" cy="50" r="40"/>
    <polygon class="icon-shape" points="50,25 58,45 ..."/>
  </svg>
</div>

.icon-trio .icon-ring {
  fill: none; stroke: #22d3ee; stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-dasharray: 250;        /* ≈ circumference */
}
.icon-trio .icon-shape {
  fill: none; stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 120;
}

/* Each icon inherits, but gets its own color */
.icon-check .icon-shape { stroke: #22d3ee; }
.icon-heart .icon-shape { stroke: #ec4899; }
.icon-star  .icon-shape { stroke: #facc15; }

.playing .icon-trio .icon-ring {
  animation: drawRing 1s ease forwards;
}
.playing .icon-trio .icon-shape {
  animation: drawIcon .8s ease .6s forwards;
}
/* Each icon waits a little longer than the previous one */
.playing .icon-heart .icon-ring  { animation-delay: .25s; }
.playing .icon-heart .icon-shape { animation-delay: .85s; }
.playing .icon-star  .icon-ring  { animation-delay: .5s;  }
.playing .icon-star  .icon-shape { animation-delay: 1.1s; }

@keyframes drawRing { from { stroke-dashoffset: 250; } to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; } }
@keyframes drawIcon { from { stroke-dashoffset: 120; } to { stroke-dashoffset: 0; } }

11 — Drawn Animation

Hand Lettering — Letter by Letter

Same trick, one path per letter. Each letter starts hidden and draws in after its predecessor. The effect really feels like someone is writing in real time.

one path per letter + staggered delays DRAW

<svg class="hand-svg" viewBox="0 0 340 120">
  <!-- One <path> per letter -->
  <path class="letter" d="M 25 25 L 25 95 M 25 60 L 60 60 M 60 25 L 60 95"/> <!-- H -->
  <path class="letter" d="..."/> <!-- e -->
  <path class="letter" d="..."/> <!-- l -->
  <path class="letter" d="..."/> <!-- l -->
  <path class="letter" d="..."/> <!-- o -->
  <path class="letter" d="..."/> <!-- ! -->
</svg>

.hand-svg path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #22d3ee;
  stroke-width: 2.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}
.hand-svg .letter {
  stroke-dasharray: 300;
}

/* Each letter takes 1s to draw but starts .25s after
   the previous one — you can tweak these numbers to
   speed up or slow down the whole effect. */
.playing .hand-svg .letter {
  animation: drawLetter 1s ease forwards;
}
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0s;    }
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .25s;  }
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .5s;   }
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .75s;  }
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 1s;    }
.playing .hand-svg .letter:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: 1.25s; }

@keyframes drawLetter {
  from { stroke-dashoffset: 300; }
  to   { stroke-dashoffset: 0;   }
}

12 — Drawn Animation

Looping Draw

Instead of drawing once and stopping, the offset is animated through a full cycle — in from the start, then out the other side. Combined with a soft opacity fade, it looks like an ambient pen tracing the path forever.

infinite animation on dashoffset + opacity DRAW

<svg class="loop-draw" viewBox="0 0 300 200">
  <path d="M 20 100
           C 60 20, 120 20, 150 100
           C 180 180, 240 180, 280 100"/>
</svg>

.loop-draw path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #22d3ee;
  stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 400;
  animation: loopDraw 4s ease-in-out infinite;
}

/* The animation has FOUR moments:
     0%   hidden at the start   (offset = full length)
    20%   faded in
    50%   fully drawn           (offset = 0)
    80%   still fully drawn
   100%   off the other end     (offset = -full length, fades out) */

@keyframes loopDraw {
  0%   { stroke-dashoffset:  400; opacity: 0; }
  20%  {                          opacity: 1; }
  50%  { stroke-dashoffset:    0; opacity: 1; }
  80%  {                          opacity: 1; }
  100% { stroke-dashoffset: -400; opacity: 0; }
}